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REFERENCES
1“Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act.” United States Public Law 106-525 (2000), p. 2498. National Cancer Institute, Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities. CRCHD.cancer.gov: “Health Disparities Defined.” August 2, 2008. Retrieved at
http://crchd.cancer.gov/definitions/defined.html
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2“HHS
FactSheet: Eliminating Minority Health Disparities,” United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health. Last modified: November 17, 2005.
OMHRC.gov. August 3, 2008. Retrieved at http://www.omhrc.gov/templates/content.aspx?ID=2138&lvl=2&lvlID=92
3“Protecting Adolescents from Harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health,” Resnick MD et al. Journal of American Medical Association, 1997;278:823-32. JAMA.AMA.ASSN.org. September 13, 2007. PubMed.gov. PMID: 9293990 Cited in “Parent-Child Communication: Promoting Sexually Healthy Youth,” Nicholas Lagina, August 2002. AdvoatesForYouth.org. September 13, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/factsheet/fsparchd.htm. And http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/factsheet/fsparchd.pdf
4Phinney JS, Chavira V. “Parental Ethic Socialization and Adolescent Coping
with Problems Related to Ethnicity,” . Journal of Research on Adolescence,
1995; 5:31-53. Cited in “Parent-Child Communication: Promoting Sexually
Healthy Youth,” Nicholas Lagina, August 2002. AdvoatesForYouth.org. September
13, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/factsheet/fsparchd.htm.
And http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/factsheet/fsparchd.pdf
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5“Births:
Preliminary Data for 2005. Health E-Stats,”
6“Explaining
Recent Declines in Adolescent Pregnancy in the
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7“Differences
in Teenage Pregnancy Rates Among Five Developed Countries: The Roles of Sexual
Activity and Contraceptive Use” Jacqueline E. Darroch, Susheela Singh,
Jennifer J. Frost and the Study Team, Guttmacher Institute, Family Planning
Perspectives, Volume 33, Number 6, November/December 2001, Table 2: “Birth,
Abortion and Pregnancy Rates and Abortion Ratio, by Country, According to
Age-group, Mid-1990s,” p. 246. Guttmacher.org. July 15, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3324401.html.
And http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3324401.pdf.
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8“That
‘Teen Sex’ Irony that No One Mentions,” Michael Males, Ph D., December 7,
2007. YouthFacts.og. February 2, 2008. Retrieved at http://www.youthfacts.org/teensex.html
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9“Teen
Birth Rate Rises for First Time in 15 Years,” News Release, December 2007
(fact sheets, media releases, birth data from 1992-2008 is hyperlinked on the
webpage). CDC.gov. February 2, 2008. Retrieved at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/07newsreleases/teenbirth.htm
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10Births:
Preliminary Data for 2006, National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 56,
Number 7, Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, p. 1
Figure 1. Birth Rates for Teenagers by Age: United States, final 1980–2005 and
Preliminary 2006, p. 8, Table 2, “Births and Birth Rates, by Age, Race,
and Hispanic Origin of Mother: United States, Final 2005 and Preliminary
2006”; p. 14, Table 7: “Number and Percentage of Births to Unmarried Women, by Age: United States,
Final 2005 and Preliminary 2006.” CDC.gov. February 2, 2008. Retrieved at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/07newsreleases/teenbirth.htm
And http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_07.pdf
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11Births:
Final Data for 2005, National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 56, No. 6,
December 5, 2007, p. 58, Table 19. Birth
Rates for Unmarried Women by Age of Mother:
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12“Adolescent
Pregnancy and Childbearing: Levels and Trends in Developed Countries” by Singh
S and Darroch JE, Guttmacher Institute, Family Planning Perspectives, Volume 32,
Number 1, January/February 2000, Table 5: “Adolescent Birth, Abortion and
Pregnancy Rates and Abortion Ratio, by Age-group, According to Country,” p.
19. Guttmacher.org. July 15, 2007. Cited in “Differences in Teenage Pregnancy
Rates Among Five Developed Countries: The Roles of Sexual Activity and
Contraceptive Use” by Jacqueline E. Darroch, Susheela Singh, Jennifer J. Frost
and the Study Team, Guttmacher Institute, Family Planning Perspectives, Volume
33, Number 6, November/December 2001. Guttmacher.org. July 19, 2007. Retrieved
at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3324401.html. And http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3324401.pdf.
And (original) at http://guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3201400.html And http://guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3201400.pdf
13“Sexually
Transmitted Diseases Among Adolescents in Developed Countries,” Panchaud, C.,
Singh, S., Feivelson, D., & Darroch, J. E., Family Planning Perspectives,
2000, Volume 32, Number 1, January/February 2000, Table 2: “Annual Reported
Rates for Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Adolescents, by Gender, and in
the Total Population; Ratios of Infection Rates Among Adolescents to Rates Among
Selected Groups; and Percentage of all Infections that Occur Among Adolescents
and Young adults; All by Type of Infection and by Country," p. 28
Guttmacher.org.
July 19, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3202400.html
And http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3202400.pdf
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14“NCHS
(
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15“Births:
Preliminary Data for 2006,” National
Vital Statistics Reports, Brady E. Hamilton, Ph.D.; Joyce A. Martin, M.P.H.;
and Stephanie J. Ventura, M.A., Volume 56, Number 7, December 5, 2007, p. 2.
United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Division of Vital Statistics. TheNationalCampaign.org.
December 6, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/resources/pdf/NCHS_birthdata.pdf
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16"Table 2. Births and birth rates, by age, race, and Hispanic origin of
mother: United States, final 2005 and preliminary 2006” in “Births:
Preliminary Data for 2006,” National
Vital Statistics Reports, Brady E. Hamilton, Ph.D.; Joyce A. Martin, M.P.H.;
and Stephanie J. Ventura, M.A., Volume 56, Number 7, December 5, 2007, p. 7.
United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Division of Vital Statistics. TheNationalCampaign.org.
December 6, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/resources/pdf/NCHS_birthdata.pdf
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17“Changes
in Formal Sex Education: 1995-2002,” Laura Duberstein Lindberg, John S.
Santelli and Susheela Singh, Perspectives
on Sexual and Reproductive Health, December 2006,
Volume 38, Number 4. The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Guttmacher.org.
September 15, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3818206.html
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18“One in Three Teens Get No Formal Education About
Birth Control: Even When They Do, Many Do Not Get It When They Need It Most:
BEFORE They Start to Have Sex,” Rebecca Wind, Alan Guttmacher
Institute News Release, Tuesday, November 28, 200e. Guttmacher.org.
September 16, 2007 Retrieved at http://www.guttmacher.org/media/nr/2006/11/28/index.html.
Citing “Changes in Formal Sex Education: 1995-2002,” Laura Duberstein
Lindberg, John S. Santelli and Susheela Singh,
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, December 2006,
Volume 38, Number 4. The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Guttmacher.org.
September 15, 2007
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19Emerging answers: Research Findings on Programs
to Reduce Teen Pregnancy, p. 10, Kirby, D National Campaign to Prevent Teen
Pregnancy. Washington,,
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20"The
Case for a New Approach to Sex Education Mounts; Will Policymakers Heed the
Message?” Heather D. Boonstra, Guttmacher Policy Review. Spring 2007, Volume
10, Number 2. Guttmacher.org. September 16, 2007.Table: “More Getting
Less,” p. 3 (of PDF), Table “Not Soon Enough,” p. 4 (of PDF). Tables’
Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2006. Guttmacher.org.
Retrieved at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/10/2/gpr100202.html.
And http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/10/2/gpr100202.pdf
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21"Teen
Pregnancy: An American Dilemma,” David Popenoe, Ph. D, Rutgers University,
Department of Sociology, Testimony before the House of Representatives,
Committee on Small Business, Subcommittee on Empowerment,” Washington, DC,
July 16, 1998. Marriage.Rutgers.edu. July 19, 2007. Retrieved at http://marriage.rutgers.edu/about.htm
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22“Deaths,
Percent of Total Deaths, and Death Rates for the 15 Leading Causes of Death in
10-year Age Groups, by Race and Sex: United States”, 2003. LCWK2. Last
reviewed
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23“Pregnancy
Among Sexually Experienced Teens,” Science Says, The National Campaign to
Prevent Teen Pregnancy. All statistics for 2002 were generated with data from
the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Cycle 6, a periodic national survey
of fertility-related issues conducted by the
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24"Teenagers
in the United States:Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Childbearing, 2002: A Fact Sheet for
Series 23, Number 24” United States Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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25“Trends in Pregnancy Rates by Outcome,”
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26The Black Population 2000—Census 2000
Brief, McKinnon J., Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau; 2001. Census.gov. December 20, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-5.pdf. Cited in “Health Disparities Experienced by Black or African Americans—United States,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 14, 2005 / 54(01);1-3). CDC.gov. December 20, 2007. Retrieved at
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5401a1.htm
27“How Old Are U.S. Fathers?” Landry, David J., and Jacqueline Darroch Forres. Cited in Family Planning Perspectives Alan Guttmacher Institute, Vol. 27, No. 4, July/August 1995, pp. 159–161. Guttmacher.org. July 14, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2715995.pdf
28“Age Differences Between Minors Who Give Birth and Their Adult Partners,” Laura Duberstein Lindberg, Freya L. Sonenstein, Leighton Ku and Gladys Martinez, Family Planning Perspectives, Volume 29, Number 2, March/April 1997, p. 62; p. 63, Figure 1: Percentage of Young Mothers Whose Partner was Five or More Years Older than the Mother and Aged 20 Older, by Mother’s age, National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, 1988. Guttmacher.org. February 2, 2008. Retrieved at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2906197.html. An http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2906197.pdf
29“STD/STI
Statistics: Fast Facts,” American Social Health Association. Last updated
October 9, 2006. ASHASTD.org. September 17, 2007. Retrieved at http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_statistics.cfm
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30“Sexually
Transmitted Diseases in America: How Many Cases and at What Cost?” American Social Health Association.
(1998).
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31 Sex and
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32Our
Voices, Our Lives, Our futures: Youth and Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
Cates JR, Herndon NL, Schulz S L, Darroch JE. (2004).
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33“Sexually
Transmitted Diseases Among American Youth: Incidence and Prevalence
Estimates,” 2000. In Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W, Jr. (2004). Perspectives
on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36, 6-10. Cited in “Facts on Sexually
Transmitted Infections in the
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34“Fact Sheet: HIV/AIDS in the United States,” United States Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion. Updated August 3, 2008. CDC.gov. August 3, 2008. Retrieved at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/us.htm and
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/PDF/us.pdf
35“Partners,
Predators, Peers, Protectors: Males and Teen Pregnancy,”
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36“Sexual Violence: Fact Sheet,” United States
Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention,
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37“Rape-related Pregnancy: Estimates and
Descriptive Characteristics from a National Sample of Women,” Holmes MM,
Resnick HS, Kilpatrick DG, Best CL.’. American Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynecology 1996;175:320-4. Cited in “Sexual Violence: Fact Sheet,”
United States Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention,
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| "When I was 14-years-old going on 30…I wish I'd had a book like TEEN SISTERS' HEALTH…And I wish my mother had…too." –Charlise Lyles, author of From the Projects to Prep School and Editor of Catalyst-Ohio, an independent urban school newsmagazine |
TEEN
SISTERS' HEALTH
A Body, Mind, & Spirit Wellness Guide
for Girls of Color
by
Linda Bradley, MD, and M. LaVora Perry
2008
